Wickramasinghe's Bronzeback

  

Scientific Name: Dendrelaphis wickramasinghei

Family: Colubridae

Common Name(s): Wickramasinghe's Bronzeback

Overview:

Wickramasinghe's Bronzeback (Dendrelaphis wickramasinghei) is a species of non-venomous, arboreal (tree-dwelling) snake endemic to Sri Lanka. Named after Dr. A. Wickramasinghe, the Sri Lankan herpetologist who discovered it, this species is part of the Dendrelaphis genus, known for its slender, agile bodies and distinctive green or brown coloration. Like other species in its genus, Wickramasinghe's Bronzeback is a tree-dweller, preferring forested habitats where it can easily navigate the branches in search of prey. This snake is relatively rare and is typically found in the island's wet-zone forests.

Physical Description:

• Size: Wickramasinghe's Bronzeback is a medium-sized snake, typically measuring around 1 meter (3.3 feet) in length, although some individuals may grow longer.
• Coloration: The snake's coloration is a distinctive bronze or olive-green on the dorsal (upper) side, which gives it its common name. The underside is typically lighter, often pale yellow or white, providing a contrast to the darker upper body. The body’s coloration and sleek form make it well camouflaged against the tree branches and leaves.
• Body: This snake is characterized by its slender, elongated body, which is typical of many arboreal species. It has smooth scales and a streamlined shape that makes it an efficient climber.
• Head: The head is slightly flattened and narrow, distinct from the body, and its eyes are large, which enhances its vision in the forest canopy.

Habitat and Distribution:

• Geographical Range: Wickramasinghe's Bronzeback is found exclusively in Sri Lanka, particularly in the central and southern parts of the island. Its distribution is confined to the wet-zone forests, including areas like Sinharaja Forest Reserve and the surrounding rainforests.
• Habitat: The species thrives in tropical rainforests and other lush, tree-dense environments where it can easily climb and move through the branches. It is typically found in areas with high humidity, such as forests near streams, waterfalls, and moist ravines. Wickramasinghe's Bronzeback is arboreal but can also be found on the forest floor when hunting or searching for mates.

Behavior and Diet:

• Arboreal Lifestyle: As an arboreal species, Wickramasinghe's Bronzeback is primarily tree-dwelling, spending most of its life among the branches. Its slender body and excellent climbing abilities allow it to move swiftly through trees and shrubs. This behavior also helps the snake avoid many of its natural predators, as it is well-adapted to life in the canopy.
• Diet: Wickramasinghe's Bronzeback is carnivorous and primarily feeds on small vertebrates such as lizards, frogs, and other small amphibians. It has also been known to prey on birds and other small mammals. The snake hunts by ambush, using its sharp vision to detect prey in the trees, then striking swiftly to capture it.
• Climbing Ability: Its specialized body allows it to move nimbly through the branches of trees, using its muscular body and long tail for balance. It can also coil its tail around branches for better grip when climbing.

Reproduction:

• Reproductive Mode: Wickramasinghe's Bronzeback is oviparous, meaning it lays eggs. The female typically lays a clutch of 4 to 10 eggs, which she will hide in crevices or under bark for protection.
• Eggs and Incubation: The eggs incubate for several weeks to a few months, depending on the temperature and humidity of the environment. Once hatched, the young are independent and able to climb and hunt on their own shortly after emerging.

Conservation Status:

• Status: While not currently listed as endangered, Wickramasinghe's Bronzeback may face threats due to habitat loss and deforestation. The ongoing destruction of Sri Lanka’s rainforests could impact the species’ survival. Its limited range and dependence on undisturbed, moist forest habitats make it vulnerable to changes in the ecosystem.
• Threats: The primary threats to Wickramasinghe's Bronzeback include habitat destruction, illegal logging, agriculture, and urban development. Pollution and climate change may also have long-term impacts on its habitat.
• Conservation Efforts: Conservation of Sri Lanka’s wet-zone rainforests, such as through the establishment of protected areas and national parks, is essential for the survival of species like Wickramasinghe's Bronzeback. Continued efforts to limit deforestation and promote sustainable land use are important for the long-term survival of this unique species.

Interesting Facts:

• Endemic to Sri Lanka: Wickramasinghe's Bronzeback is part of Sri Lanka's incredible biodiversity and is one of the many endemic species of snake found on the island.
• Camouflage and Speed: The snake's bronze-green coloration helps it blend seamlessly with the forest canopy, where it hunts for prey. Its speed and agility make it an adept predator in the trees.
• Non-Venomous: Unlike some other members of the Colubridae family, Wickramasinghe's Bronzeback is non-venomous. It relies on its speed and agility to catch prey rather than relying on venom.

How to Identify Müller’s Shieldtail:

• Distinctive Coloration: The bronze or olive-green coloration of the snake’s back and its pale yellow underside make it easily identifiable. The coloration helps it blend with tree leaves and branches.
• Slender, Agile Body: Wickramasinghe's Bronzeback has a slender, long body built for climbing. It is often found in the upper branches of trees, where it moves quickly and with great agility.
• Head and Eyes: The head is narrow and slightly flattened with large, keen eyes. The shape and features of the head are important identification markers, along with the snake's characteristic patterning.